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1.
Curr Probl Cardiol ; 49(2): 102193, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37952788

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The evidence supporting pharmacological heart failure treatment relies on randomized clinical trials with stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. OBJECTIVES: Assess the eligibility of outpatients with chronic heart failure for the trials DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-reduced, and PARADIGM-HF, while exploring potential differences among study populations. METHODS: By reviewing medical records, we determined the eligibility rate for each study and evaluated the incidence of heart failure hospitalizations and all-cause mortality during this period. RESULTS: A total of 446 patients were included in the cohort. Approximately 75% would be ineligible for the trials, mainly because of their comorbidities. Ineligible patients had a higher all-cause mortality, but a similar incidence of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Approximately 1 in 4 patients from a heart failure clinic in Medellin, Colombia would meet the eligibility criteria for the DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-reduced, and PARADIGM-HF trials. These findings highlight the need to complement randomized clinical trials with real-world data.


Assuntos
Cardiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Valsartana/uso terapêutico , Volume Sistólico , Tetrazóis/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia
2.
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva ; 32(1): 28-36, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32401984

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between demographic and clinical factors and the presentation of septic shock in patients treated by prehospital emergency services in five Colombian cities between 2015 and 2016. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. Clinical and demographic data were collected from the medical records of patients diagnosed with sepsis who received prehospital care in five Colombian cities in 2015 and 2016. The diagnosis of septic shock was checked in 20% of the cases, generating two analyzed scenarios: observed and verified. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Student's t test and an adjusted logistic regression model. Covariates with p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: There was a higher frequency of septic shock in women (62.6%) and in individuals older than 80 years (64.5%), but these were not differentiating factors for septic shock. The most common source of infection was the urinary tract. In the observed scenario, age over 60 (prevalence ratio (PR): 3.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45 - 35.01) and history of cancer (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.2 - 12.87) were the characteristics associated with septic shock, whereas in the verified scenario, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.26 - 7.14), history of cancer (PR: 1.15; 95%CI: 1.11 - 6.62) and presence of hypovolemia (PR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.02 - 5.50) were observed. CONCLUSION: The most important risk factors for septic shock in prehospital care patients in five Colombian cities were oncological and pulmonary diseases and hypovolemia.


Assuntos
Choque Séptico/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Saúde da População Urbana
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 32(1): 28-36, jan.-mar. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138465

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: Explorar la asociación entre factores demográficos y clínicos con la presentación de shock séptico en pacientes atendidos en un servicio prehospitalario de emergencias en cinco ciudades colombianas entre los años 2015-2016. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal con recolección retrospectiva de datos. Se recolectó información clínica y demográfica de las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de sepsis que recibieron atención prehospitalaria en cinco ciudades colombianas en los años 2015 y 2016. Se realizó una verificación del diagnóstico de shock séptico en el 20% de los casos, dando origen a dos escenarios analizados: observado y verificado. Se analizó la asociación con pruebas de Chi cuadrado, t de Student y finalmente con un modelo de regresión logística ajustado. Se consideró covariables significativas aquellas con p < 0,05. Resultados: Se presentó una mayor frecuencia del evento en mujeres (62,6%) y en mayores de 80 años (64,5%), sin ser factores diferenciadores para shock séptico. El foco infeccioso más común fue urinario. En el escenario observado, los mayores de 60 años (RP: 3,22; IC95%: 1,45 - 35,01) y el antecedente de cáncer fueron las características asociadas con el shock séptico (RP: 1,20; IC95%: 1,2 - 12,87), mientras que en el grupo verificado fueron la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (RP: 1,99; IC95%: 1,26 - 7,14), el antecedente de cáncer (RP: 1,15; IC95%: 1,11 - 6,62) y presencia de hipovolemia (RP: 1,41; IC95%: 1,02 - 5,50). Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo más importantes para shock séptico en pacientes de atención prehospitalaria en cinco ciudades colombianas fueron las enfermedades oncológicas, las pulmonares e hipovolemia.


ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the association between demographic and clinical factors and the presentation of septic shock in patients treated by prehospital emergency services in five Colombian cities between 2015 and 2016. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. Clinical and demographic data were collected from the medical records of patients diagnosed with sepsis who received prehospital care in five Colombian cities in 2015 and 2016. The diagnosis of septic shock was checked in 20% of the cases, generating two analyzed scenarios: observed and verified. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Student's t test and an adjusted logistic regression model. Covariates with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There was a higher frequency of septic shock in women (62.6%) and in individuals older than 80 years (64.5%), but these were not differentiating factors for septic shock. The most common source of infection was the urinary tract. In the observed scenario, age over 60 (prevalence ratio (PR): 3.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45 - 35.01) and history of cancer (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.2 - 12.87) were the characteristics associated with septic shock, whereas in the verified scenario, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.26 - 7.14), history of cancer (PR: 1.15; 95%CI: 1.11 - 6.62) and presence of hypovolemia (PR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.02 - 5.50) were observed. Conclusion: The most important risk factors for septic shock in prehospital care patients in five Colombian cities were oncological and pulmonary diseases and hypovolemia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Choque Séptico/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência
5.
Acta méd. colomb ; 43(4)oct.-dic. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533410
6.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex ; 79(3): 180-6, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25212956

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is a frequent phenomenon in hospitalized patients that is associated with negative outcomes. It is common in liver transplant patients as a result of stress and is related to immunosuppressant drugs. Although studies are few, a history of diabetes and the presentation of hyperglycemia during liver transplantation have been associated with a higher risk for rejection. AIMS: To analyze whether hyperglycemia during the first 48hours after liver transplantation was associated with a higher risk for infection, rejection, or longer hospital stay. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients above the age of 15years that received a liver transplant. Hyperglycemia was defined as a value above 140mg/dl and it was measured in three different manners (as an isolated value, as a mean value, and as a weighted value over time). The relation of hyperglycemia to a risk for acute rejection, infection, or longer hospital stay was evaluated. RESULTS: Some form of hyperglycemia was present in 94% of the patients during the first 48 post-transplantation hours, regardless of its definition. There was no increased risk for rejection (OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 0.55-4.05), infection (OR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.16-2.25), or longer hospital stay between the patients that presented with hyperglycemia and those that did not. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycemia during the first 48hours after transplantation appeared to be an expected phenomenon in the majority of patients and was not associated with a greater risk for rejection or infection and it had no impact on the duration of hospital stay.


Assuntos
Hiperglicemia/complicações , Transplante de Fígado , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
7.
Iatreia ; 26(4): 457-466, oct.-dic. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-695815

RESUMO

Introducción: la sepsis es un fenómeno clínico muy complejo tanto en su definición como en su fisiopatología. Hasta ahora su diagnóstico se ha basado solo en los síntomas y signos clínicos junto con los hallazgos de las pruebas de laboratorio. Por esta razón se ha tratado de encontrar biomarcadores que puedan identificar la sepsis o descartarla y servir como guía para el tratamiento. Objetivos: esta revisión describe los biomarcadores más estudiados en sepsis y su uso potencial, junto con la experiencia lograda con la investigación al respecto en Medellín, Colombia. Metodología: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en la base de datos de PubMed y se hizo un análisis crítico de la literatura más relevante incluyendo los estudios publicados en Colombia sobre este asunto. Resultados y conclusiones: se han estudiado más de 180 biomarcadores, la mayoría con fines de diagnóstico temprano y de pronóstico. Ninguno ha sido lo suficientemente sensible y específico como para recomendarlo de rutina en la práctica clínica. La procalcitonina es, probablemente, el biomarcador más promisorio hasta ahora; es indudable que esta línea de investigación debe continuar abierta y en crecimiento.


Background: Sepsis is a very complex clinical phenomenon in both its definition and pathophysiology. So far its diagnosis has been based only on clinical symptoms and signs together with the results of some laboratory tests. However, efforts are being done to find biomarkers that are able to identify sepsis or rule it out, and to serve as guide for treatment. Objective: This review describes the most thoroughly studied biomarkers of sepsis and their potential use, as well as the experience achieved in Medellín, Colombia, with research in this field. Methods: A search on this subject matter was carried out in PubMed, and a critical analysis was done of the most relevant papers found including those published in Colombia. Results and conclusions: More than 180 biomarkers have been studied, most of them for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Unfortunately, none of them has exhibited the sensitivity and specificity required to be recommended for routine clinical practice. So far, procalcitonin has been the most promising biomarker. Doubtless, this line of research should be continued and reinforced.


Assuntos
Humanos , Biomarcadores , Sepse/diagnóstico , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos
8.
Iatreia ; 26(1): 67-76, ene. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-667779

RESUMO

Se considera que la sepsis es la principal causa de mortalidad en las unidades de cuidado intensivo, por lo cual ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones que aún no se han traducido en avances terapéuticos significativos. El balance entre los fenómenos proinflamatorios y antiinflamatorios característicos de este síndrome es el que puede determinar el desenlace del paciente; además, la complejidad del desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas en sepsis está relacionada con la naturaleza heterogénea de la respuesta inmune; se destaca la importancia de los factores genéticos que regulan el componente inmune durante la respuesta inflamatoria. Con base en tales conocimientos, esta revisión se centra en genes de citocinas importantes en el curso clínico de la sepsis, en la información sobre sus variantes genéticas en la población con sepsis y en su impacto sobre la función del gen. Estos factores son de importancia crítica y un mejor conocimiento acerca de ellos podría ayudar a evaluar el riesgo de desarrollar sepsis y a definir su asociación con la evolución clínica de este síndrome.


Sepsis is the main cause of mortality in intensive care units. Therefore, many efforts to develop therapeutic approaches have been made without significant progress. The balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses during the course of sepsis may determine the clinical outcome of patients; besides, the complexity of developing successful treatments in sepsis may be related to the heterogeneous nature of immune responses; the importance of genetic factors that regulate the immune component during the inflammatory response is emphasized. Based on such facts, this review focuses on genes of cytokines involved in the clinical course of sepsis; on information about their allelic variants found in the population with sepsis, and on their impact on gene expression. These factors are of critical importance, and a better knowledge about them could help to evaluate the risk of developing sepsis, and to define their association with the clinical evolution of this syndrome.


Assuntos
Humanos , Alelos , Citocinas , Genes , Sepse , Mortalidade
9.
Iatreia ; 23(2): 127-136, jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-599251

RESUMO

La sepsis, un síndrome de respuesta sistémica a la infección, es un problema de salud pública asociado a alta morbilidad y mortalidad alrededor del mundo. Entre los múltiples genes asociados a esta enfermedad se encuentra el gen que codifica para la caspasa-12 (csp-12), en el cual se ha identificado un polimorfismo de un sólo nucleótido (125T>C) en el exón 4 que predice una forma larga (L) de la proteína, que a su vez se ha asociado con riesgo de sepsis grave y alta mortalidad. Además, se ha demostrado que la frecuencia del alelo L es mucho mayor en poblaciones afroamericanas. Este estudio evalúa la presencia ó el polimorfismo 125T®C de la csp-12 en 128 individuos: 81 pacientes de Medellín con diagnóstico de sepsis, 23 individuos sanos de una población afroamericana del Chocó y24 individuos sanos provenientes de Medellín. En las tres poblaciones se encontraron 121 individuos homocigotos S/S (csp-12 corta) y 7 heterocigotos S/L discriminados así: 3 pacientes con diagnóstico de sepsis, 3 individuos afroamericanos y 1 de la población sana de Medellín. Nuestros resultados muestran que, a pesar de ser una muestra pequeña, en nuestra población existe el alelo L, encontrándose en mayor frecuencia en individuos afroamericanos y en una menor proporción en los mestizos, tanto pacientes como en los individuos sanos. Esto indica que la población afroamericana de Colombia podría tener mayor susceptibilidad a sepsis grave que las poblaciones mestizas, las cuales, se ha demostrado, son producto de mezcla europea, amerindia y africana, ésta última en una baja proporción. Por lo tanto, se deben efectuar estudios más amplios para un mejor entendimiento de las bases genéticas de la respuesta inmune de pacientes con sepsis, con el fin de diseñar terapias más racionales y personalizadas para prevenir este síndrome.


Sepsis, a syndrome of systemic response to infection is a major public health problem, because it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Among the genes shown to be associated with this syndrome, there is one which encodes for caspase-12 (csp-12). Within this gene, the single nucleotide polymorphism 125T>C located in exon4, which predicts a long form of the protein, has been associated with severe sepsis and increased related mortality. On the other hand, higher frequency of allele L has been reported in African American populations. The present study evaluated the csp-12 polymorphism125T>C in 128 individuals: 81 patients with sepsis, 23 healthy African Colombian subjects and 24 healthy individuals from Medellin-Colombia. We found 121 individuals homozygous S/S (csp-12 short) in these three populations and 7 heterozygotes S/L, discriminated as follows: 3 septic patients, 3 African Colombians and 1 healthy subject from Medellin. This preliminary data suggest that the csp-12L allele is present in the Colombian population, both in African Colombians and Mestizo individuals (either septic patients or healthy individuals). Therefore, more comprehensive studies should be performed to better understand the genetic basis of the immune response of patients with sepsis in order to design more rational and personalized therapies to prevent this syndrome.


Assuntos
Humanos , Polimorfismo Genético , Saúde Pública , Sepse/mortalidade , Colômbia , Infecções
10.
Infectio ; 2(2): 69-76, jul.-dic. 1998. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-434487

RESUMO

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, epidemiolópgicas y microbiológicas en una cohorte de pacientes con bacteremia significativa en un hospital universitario. Diseño: estudio observacional no analítico en una cohorte histórica (retrospectiva). Sitio del estudio: Hospital Universitario Sam Vicente de Paul, Medellín, Colombia. Pacientes: mayores de 12 años hospitalizados entre julio de 2993 y nuio de 1995, con crecimiento en al menos un hemocultivo de gérmenes habituales en piel. Variables: edad, sexo, servicio, hemocultivos verdaderos positivos, hemocultivos falsos postivos, origen de la infección, foco primario, factores predisponentes, criterios clínicos de severidad, terapia antibiótica y resultado final. Análisis estadístico: presentación de datos en promedios y proporciones. Diferencia de proporciones con prueba de Chi cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher. Intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento y error alfa de 0.05. Resultados: Durante el período del estudio se informó crecimiento bacteriano en 605 hemocultivos, 356 (58.8 por ciento) de los cuales se consideraron verdaderos positivos y 249 (41.2 por ciento) falsos positivos. Entre los primeros, los gérmenes más frecuentes fueron S. aureus (n=110, 30.9 por ciento), E. coli (n=52, 14.6 por ciento), K. pneumoniae (n=44, 12.4 por ciento), Estreptococo alfa hemolítico (n=18, 5.1 por ciento) y S. pneumoniae (n=17, 4.8 por ciento). El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 41,8 años, y de ellos 212 (59.6 por ciento) fueron hombres y 144 mujeres (40.4 por ciento). La infección se consideró extrahospitalaria en 229 casos (64.7 por ciento)


Assuntos
Bacteriemia/sangue , Meios de Cultura/isolamento & purificação
11.
Infectio ; 2(2): 66-67, jul.-dic. 1998.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-434486

RESUMO

Hoy manejamos, más que en cualquier época, un volumen asombroso de información médica, y nos enfrentamos diariamente a la necesiadad de resolver problemas puntuales acerca del cuidado de nuestros pacientes.


Assuntos
Consenso , Informática Médica/tendências , Conferências de Consenso como Assunto
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